Learn Russian Nouns
The Cases of Russian Nouns
The case is a category of nouns reflecting connections of the noun to other objects,actions, and attributes.
There are six cases in Russian.
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| Cases of nouns | |||
| Case | Questions | Example | Translation |
| Nominative | Кто? Что? | берлога, муж | a den,a husband |
| Genetive | Кого? Чего? | берлоги,мужа | - |
| Dative | Кому? Чему? | берлоге, мужу | - |
| Accusative | Кого? Что? | берлогу, мужа | - |
| Instrumental | Кем? Чем? | берлогой, мужем | - |
| Prepositional | О ком? О чем? | о берлоге, о муже | about a den/a husband |
Nominative case is the initial form of the noun. It is the form you will find in dictionaries. It is never used with a preposition.
Prepositional is never used without one.
There are 4 case meanings:- Subjective - shows the action maker or a attribute holder
- Objective - indicates an object at which the action is directed
- Circumstantial - indicates time, place, cause, scale of intencity etc
- Attributive - inticates attributes of an object
| Meaning type | Subjective | Objective | Circumstantial | Attributive |
| Nominative |
Собака лает. (A dog is barking.) |
Компьютер продан. (The pc has been sold) |
- |
кот-мутант (a mutant cat) |
| Genetive |
1. verb быть+negative particle нет: Варенья нет.(There is no jam.) 2. gerund-like noun forms: Пение артиста.(the singing of an artist.) |
1.with verbs with a meaning of absence of something: не было времени (did not have time) 2.gerund-like noun forms: листание страниц(turning pages)
|
плавать у берега (swim by the shore) |
with other nouns: ручка кастрюли, путь к селу (a handle of a pan,a route to ther village) |
| Dative | sentances with no object: рабочему грустно(the worker is sad) |
написать родне (write to your kin) |
иду по парку (I) walk along the park) |
памятник Татищеву (a monument to Tatishev) |
| Accusative |
ребенка знобит (the child is shivering) |
смотреть в окно, читать стих(look at the window, read a poem) |
собрать клавиатуру (asemble a keyboard) |
бруки в полоску (striped pants) |
| Instrumental |
Дорога построена рабочими (the road was built by workers) |
хвастаться книгой (brag about a book) |
with certain verbs: шел лесом (walked n the forest) |
быть пионером (be pioneer) |
| Prepositional | - | напомнить о победе (remind of the victory) |
жить на урале (live in the Urals) |
журнал о странах |
